Zola 2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 https://orhan.cn/atom.xml 2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/rust-derive-builder-crate/

<p>如果你在找 <code>drive_builder</code>，crates.io 上目前没有这个 Rust crate。更常见、也更符合这个名字含义的 crate 是 <a href="https://crates.io/crates/derive_builder"><code>derive_builder</code></a>：它通过 <code>#[derive(Builder)]</code> 为结构体自动生成 Builder 模式代码，减少大量重复 setter、默认值和校验逻辑。</p>

2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/screen-usage-guide/

<p>GNU Screen 是一个老牌终端复用器，作用和 tmux、zellij 类似：可以在一个终端里管理多个窗口，也可以让程序在后台继续运行。最常见的场景是 SSH 到服务器后启动一个长期任务，断开连接以后任务不受影响，之后再重新连回去查看状态。</p> <p>Screen 没有 tmux 和 zellij 那么现代，但优点是很多服务器默认就装了，命令也很稳定。临时在服务器上跑脚本、编译项目、下载文件、看日志，用它非常方便。</p>

2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 2026-06-10T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/zola-port-forwarding/ <p>Zola 默认使用 <code>127.0.0.1:1111</code> 启动开发服务器：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve </span></code></pre> <p>这个默认配置只监听当前机器的本机回环地址。如果要通过端口转发、远程开发环境、局域网设备、容器或云服务器访问，就需要让 Zola 监听所有网络接口。</p> <h2 id="tui-jian-qi-dong-ming-ling">推荐启动命令<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#tui-jian-qi-dong-ming-ling" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111 </span></code></pre> <p>如果端口转发工具使用的是其他端口，例如 <code>3000</code>：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 3000 </span></code></pre> <p>核心参数是：</p> <table><thead><tr><th>参数</th><th>作用</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td><code>--interface 0.0.0.0</code></td><td>监听所有网络接口，允许外部转发访问</td></tr> <tr><td><code>--port 3000</code></td><td>指定 Zola 开发服务器端口</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h2 id="pei-he-gong-kai-zhuan-fa-di-zhi">配合公开转发地址<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#pei-he-gong-kai-zhuan-fa-di-zhi" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>如果端口转发工具给了一个公开 URL，例如：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>https://example-tunnel.example.com </span></code></pre> <p>可以把它传给 Zola：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0 \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 3000 \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --base-url</span><span> https://example-tunnel.example.com </span></code></pre> <p>这样页面里的链接、静态资源路径和刷新地址会更接近实际访问环境。</p> <h2 id="chang-jian-chang-jing">常见场景<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chang-jian-chang-jing" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="vs-code-port-forwarding-dev-containers">VS Code Port Forwarding / Dev Containers<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#vs-code-port-forwarding-dev-containers" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111 </span></code></pre> <p>然后在端口面板里转发 <code>1111</code>。</p> <h3 id="ngrok-cloudflare-tunnel">ngrok / Cloudflare Tunnel<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ngrok-cloudflare-tunnel" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>先启动 Zola：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111 </span></code></pre> <p>再把 <code>1111</code> 转发出去。拿到公开 URL 后，如果页面资源路径不对，再加上 <code>--base-url</code>：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --base-url</span><span> https://your-public-url </span></code></pre> <h3 id="ju-yu-wang-shou-ji-yu-lan">局域网手机预览<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ju-yu-wang-shou-ji-yu-lan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>电脑和手机在同一个网络时，可以这样启动：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111 </span></code></pre> <p>然后在手机浏览器打开：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>http://电脑的局域网 IP:1111 </span></code></pre> <h2 id="pai-cha-wen-ti">排查问题<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#pai-cha-wen-ti" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>如果端口转发后仍然访问不了，按这个顺序检查：</p> <ol> <li>Zola 是否使用了 <code>--interface 0.0.0.0</code></li> <li>端口号是否和转发工具里的端口一致</li> <li>防火墙或云服务器安全组是否放行了该端口</li> <li>页面资源路径是否需要设置 <code>--base-url</code></li> <li>端口是否被其他程序占用</li> </ol> <p>可以用下面的命令确认 Zola 参数：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --help </span></code></pre> <p>重点看这两个选项：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>-i, --interface &lt;INTERFACE&gt; </span><span>-p, --port &lt;PORT&gt; </span></code></pre> <h2 id="zui-duan-ke-yong-ban-ben">最短可用版本<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#zui-duan-ke-yong-ban-ben" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>平时只需要记住这一条：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">zola</span><span> serve</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --interface</span><span> 0.0.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --port</span><span> 1111 </span></code></pre> <p>只要不是单纯在本机浏览器里访问 Zola，端口转发场景基本都应该显式加上 <code>--interface 0.0.0.0</code>。</p> 2026-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/aire-realtime-audio-engine/

<p>最近看到一个很适合游戏开发者关注的小项目：<a href="https://github.com/Breijen/aire">AIRE</a>。它不是通用播放器，也不是 DAW 级音频工作站，而是一个更贴近游戏和交互式应用需求的实时音频引擎。</p> <p>项目作者是在业余时间开发 2D 游戏时遇到问题：现有音频库要么太底层，要么只解决“把声音播出来”，但游戏里真正麻烦的是运行时控制、声音状态切换、低延迟混音、合成音效，以及后续的空间音频和环境声学。于是作者干脆自己做了 AIRE。</p>

2026-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-26T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/scena-1-5-1/

<p>最近 <a href="https://crates.io/crates/scena">Scena</a> 发布了 1.5.1。它是一个 Rust 原生的 3D 渲染器，目标不是做一个完整游戏引擎，而是提供一层更聚焦的 3D 可视化能力：场景图、glTF/GLB 加载、PBR 材质、相机、灯光、交互、浏览器渲染、本地渲染，以及无头图像生成。</p> <p>如果你做的是 3D 模型查看器、产品展示、工业可视化、数字孪生前端或自动生成渲染图，Scena 这种定位会比较有意思。它把常见 3D 查看器流程封装成 Rust API：加载模型，实例化到场景，添加灯光和相机，准备渲染资源，然后输出画面。</p>

2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/pm2-common-commands/

<p>PM2 很多人以为只能管 Node.js，其实它本质上是一个进程管理器。只要是能在命令行启动的长期运行程序，PM2 都可以托管，比如 Node.js、Rust 编译出来的二进制、Go 服务、Python 脚本、Shell 脚本等。</p> <p>例如一个 Rust 后端服务，可以这样启动：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">pm2</span><span> start ./target/release/gateway \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --name</span><span> bazar-api \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --cwd</span><span> /var/www/bazar_api \ </span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --update-env </span></code></pre> <p>这篇整理一下 PM2 的常用命令、参数含义和部署时经常会用到的操作。</p>

2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-20T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/smplrspace-vs-archilogic/

<p>最近在看空间数据、楼宇数字孪生和室内地图相关产品时，两个名字经常会出现：<a href="https://www.smplrspace.com/">Smplrspace</a> 和 <a href="https://www.archilogic.com/">Archilogic</a>。它们都能把静态平面图变成可交互的数字空间，也都提供 SDK/API 给软件系统集成使用，但两者的重心并不一样。</p> <p>一句话概括：</p> <ul> <li><strong>Smplrspace</strong> 更像一个面向产品集成的数字平面图与 2D/3D 可视化平台。</li> <li><strong>Archilogic</strong> 更像一个面向企业资产组合的空间数据系统，也就是把建筑空间变成可查询、可版本化、可集成的系统记录。</li> </ul> <p>如果你的目标只是“把楼层图放进应用里，并在上面展示传感器、工单、房间、设备等数据”，Smplrspace 会更轻、更直接。如果你的目标是“把整个办公室、楼宇、园区、资产组合变成一套长期维护的空间数据底座”，Archilogic 的体系会更完整。</p>

2026-05-18T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-18T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/ios-app-icp-filing-certificate/ <p>iOS App 做国内 App 备案时，平台一般会要求填写 App 的特征信息，常见包括：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Bundle ID </span><span>公钥 </span><span>SHA-1 </span></code></pre> <p>这几个信息都和苹果开发者账号里的证书、标识符有关。这里记录一下从创建 Bundle ID、制作证书，到获取公钥和 SHA-1 的完整流程。</p> <h2 id="yi-xian-fen-qing-ji-ge-gai-nian">一、先分清几个概念<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#yi-xian-fen-qing-ji-ge-gai-nian" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-bundle-id">1. Bundle ID<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-bundle-id" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>Bundle ID 是 iOS App 的唯一标识，类似 Android 的包名。</p> <p>常见格式：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>com.company.appname </span></code></pre> <p>例如：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>com.example.mall </span></code></pre> <p>备案时填写的 Bundle ID，要和 App Store Connect、Xcode 项目、打包使用的描述文件保持一致。</p> <h3 id="2-gong-yao">2. 公钥<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#2-gong-yao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>备案里说的公钥，一般是签名证书里的 Public Key。它用于识别 App 签名证书。</p> <p>注意：这里不是 Apple Push Notification 的推送 Key，也不是 Sign in with Apple 的私钥 <code>.p8</code>。</p> <h3 id="3-sha-1">3. SHA-1<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#3-sha-1" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>iOS 备案里的 SHA-1，一般指苹果签名证书的 SHA-1 指纹，通常是 16 进制格式。</p> <p>常见格式长这样：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF:11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:AA:BB:CC:DD </span></code></pre> <p>有些备案平台填写时可以带冒号，有些平台要求去掉冒号。如果提交失败，就把冒号去掉再试：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>AABBCCDDEEFF11223344556677889900AABBCCDD </span></code></pre> <h2 id="er-xu-yao-zhun-bei-shen-me">二、需要准备什么<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#er-xu-yao-zhun-bei-shen-me" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>1. Apple Developer Program 账号 </span><span>2. Mac 电脑 </span><span>3. 钥匙串访问 Keychain Access </span><span>4. App 的 Bundle ID </span><span>5. Apple Distribution 证书 </span><span>6. App Store 描述文件 .mobileprovision </span></code></pre> <p>如果只是备案，核心是拿到 <code>Bundle ID</code>、证书 <code>公钥</code>、证书 <code>SHA-1</code>。</p> <p>如果还要打包上架，还需要 <code>.p12</code> 证书和 <code>.mobileprovision</code> 描述文件。</p> <h2 id="san-chuang-jian-bundle-id">三、创建 Bundle ID<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#san-chuang-jian-bundle-id" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>登录苹果开发者后台：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>https://developer.apple.com/account </span></code></pre> <p>进入：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles </span></code></pre> <p>创建步骤：</p> <ol> <li>左侧选择 <code>Identifiers</code></li> <li>点击 <code>+</code></li> <li>选择 <code>App IDs</code></li> <li>类型选择 <code>App</code></li> <li>填写描述，例如 <code>Mall App</code></li> <li>填写 Bundle ID，例如 <code>com.example.mall</code></li> <li>勾选 App 需要的能力，例如 Push Notifications、Associated Domains、Sign in with Apple</li> <li>保存</li> </ol> <p>创建完成后，在 <code>Identifiers</code> 列表里看到的 <code>IDENTIFIER</code> 就是备案要填的 Bundle ID。</p> <p>如果项目已经存在，也可以在 Xcode 里查看：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Target -&gt; Signing &amp; Capabilities -&gt; Bundle Identifier </span></code></pre> <p>或者看 <code>Info.plist</code> / 构建配置里的：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>PRODUCT_BUNDLE_IDENTIFIER </span></code></pre> <h2 id="si-chuang-jian-zheng-shu-qing-qiu-csr">四、创建证书请求 CSR<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#si-chuang-jian-zheng-shu-qing-qiu-csr" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>在 Mac 上打开：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>钥匙串访问 </span></code></pre> <p>菜单栏选择：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>钥匙串访问 -&gt; 证书助理 -&gt; 从证书颁发机构请求证书 </span></code></pre> <p>填写：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>用户电子邮件地址：你的 Apple ID 邮箱 </span><span>常用名称：公司名或开发者名 </span><span>CA 电子邮件地址：留空 </span><span>请求是：存储到磁盘 </span></code></pre> <p>保存后会得到一个文件：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>CertificateSigningRequest.certSigningRequest </span></code></pre> <p>这个 CSR 文件用来在苹果开发者后台创建证书。</p> <p>注意：生成 CSR 的同时，Mac 钥匙串里会生成一把对应的私钥。后面导出 <code>.p12</code> 时必须在同一台 Mac 上操作，或者确保私钥已经同步到了当前 Mac。</p> <h2 id="wu-chuang-jian-apple-distribution-zheng-shu">五、创建 Apple Distribution 证书<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#wu-chuang-jian-apple-distribution-zheng-shu" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>登录：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>https://developer.apple.com/account </span></code></pre> <p>进入：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles -&gt; Certificates </span></code></pre> <p>创建步骤：</p> <ol> <li>点击 <code>+</code></li> <li>选择 <code>Apple Distribution</code></li> <li>上传刚才生成的 <code>.certSigningRequest</code></li> <li>点击生成</li> <li>下载证书文件</li> </ol> <p>下载后通常是：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>distribution.cer </span></code></pre> <p>双击这个 <code>.cer</code> 文件，系统会导入到钥匙串。</p> <p>在钥匙串里应该能看到类似这样的证书：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Apple Distribution: 公司名称 (TEAMID) </span></code></pre> <p>如果证书左侧有一个小三角，展开后能看到私钥，说明这台 Mac 上有对应私钥，可以正常导出 <code>.p12</code>。</p> <p>如果没有私钥，后面打包会有问题，需要回到生成 CSR 的那台 Mac 上导出，或者重新生成 CSR 和证书。</p> <h2 id="liu-dao-chu-p12-zheng-shu">六、导出 p12 证书<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#liu-dao-chu-p12-zheng-shu" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>打开：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>钥匙串访问 -&gt; 登录 -&gt; 我的证书 </span></code></pre> <p>找到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Apple Distribution: 公司名称 (TEAMID) </span></code></pre> <p>右键选择：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>导出 </span></code></pre> <p>文件格式选择：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>个人信息交换 .p12 </span></code></pre> <p>设置一个密码，导出后得到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>ios_distribution.p12 </span></code></pre> <p>这个 <code>.p12</code> 一般用于 HBuilderX、uni-app、Flutter CI、Fastlane、云打包等场景。</p> <h2 id="qi-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian-mobileprovision">七、创建描述文件 mobileprovision<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#qi-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian-mobileprovision" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>进入苹果开发者后台：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles -&gt; Profiles </span></code></pre> <p>创建步骤：</p> <ol> <li>点击 <code>+</code></li> <li>选择 <code>App Store Connect</code></li> <li>选择刚才创建的 App ID / Bundle ID</li> <li>选择对应的 <code>Apple Distribution</code> 证书</li> <li>填写 Profile 名称</li> <li>生成并下载</li> </ol> <p>下载后得到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>appstore.mobileprovision </span></code></pre> <p>打包时，<code>.p12</code> 和 <code>.mobileprovision</code> 要对应同一个 Bundle ID 和同一个团队。</p> <h2 id="ba-huo-qu-bundle-id">八、获取 Bundle ID<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ba-huo-qu-bundle-id" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>最直接的方式是在苹果开发者后台看：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles -&gt; Identifiers </span></code></pre> <p>列表里的 <code>IDENTIFIER</code> 就是 Bundle ID。</p> <p>也可以从 Xcode 看：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Target -&gt; Signing &amp; Capabilities -&gt; Bundle Identifier </span></code></pre> <p>如果手里已经有 <code>.ipa</code> 文件，可以先解压：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">unzip</span><span> app.ipa</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -d</span><span> ipa_tmp </span></code></pre> <p>然后读取：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c </span><span>&quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Print :CFBundleIdentifier</span><span>&quot; ipa_tmp/Payload/*.app/Info.plist </span></code></pre> <h2 id="jiu-huo-qu-sha-1">九、获取 SHA-1<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#jiu-huo-qu-sha-1" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="fang-fa-yi-zai-yao-chi-chuan-li-cha-kan">方法一：在钥匙串里查看<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fang-fa-yi-zai-yao-chi-chuan-li-cha-kan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>打开：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>钥匙串访问 -&gt; 登录 -&gt; 证书 </span></code></pre> <p>找到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Apple Distribution: 公司名称 (TEAMID) </span></code></pre> <p>双击证书，展开详细信息，找到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>SHA-1 </span></code></pre> <p>复制这个值填到备案平台。</p> <h3 id="fang-fa-er-yong-openssl-cha-kan">方法二：用 openssl 查看<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fang-fa-er-yong-openssl-cha-kan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果你手里有苹果下载的 <code>.cer</code> 文件，可以执行：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">openssl</span><span> x509</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -inform</span><span> DER</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -in</span><span> distribution.cer</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -noout -fingerprint -sha1 </span></code></pre> <p>输出类似：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>sha1 Fingerprint=AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF:11:22:33:44:55:66:77:88:99:00:AA:BB:CC:DD </span></code></pre> <p>等号后面的就是 SHA-1。</p> <p>如果备案平台不接受冒号，去掉冒号即可。</p> <h2 id="shi-huo-qu-gong-yao">十、获取公钥<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-huo-qu-gong-yao" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="fang-fa-yi-zai-ping-guo-kai-fa-zhe-hou-tai-cha-kan">方法一：在苹果开发者后台查看<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fang-fa-yi-zai-ping-guo-kai-fa-zhe-hou-tai-cha-kan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>登录苹果开发者后台：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles -&gt; Certificates </span></code></pre> <p>点进对应的证书详情页，部分备案教程会让你在这里查看证书详情里的 Public Key / 公共密钥。</p> <p>如果页面显示不完整，可以先点击省略号展开；如果还是不完整，就按备案平台提示复制能显示出来的公钥内容。</p> <h3 id="fang-fa-er-cong-zheng-shu-wen-jian-dao-chu-gong-yao">方法二：从证书文件导出公钥<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fang-fa-er-cong-zheng-shu-wen-jian-dao-chu-gong-yao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果你手里有 <code>.cer</code> 文件：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">openssl</span><span> x509</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -inform</span><span> DER</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -in</span><span> distribution.cer</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -pubkey -noout </span></code></pre> <p>输出类似：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY----- </span><span>... </span><span>-----END PUBLIC KEY----- </span></code></pre> <p>有些备案系统要填的是完整 PEM 公钥，有些只要中间那段内容，有些平台页面会提示“10 进制或 16 进制”。实际以你提交备案的平台输入框说明为准。</p> <p>如果平台要求一行，可以去掉头尾和换行，只保留中间内容。</p> <h2 id="shi-yi-bei-an-ping-tai-tian-xie-shi-zen-me-dui-ying">十一、备案平台填写时怎么对应<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-yi-bei-an-ping-tai-tian-xie-shi-zen-me-dui-ying" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>常见填写关系：</p> <table><thead><tr><th>备案字段</th><th>iOS 对应信息</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>App 包名 / iOS 应用标识符</td><td>Bundle ID</td></tr> <tr><td>公钥 / 平台公钥</td><td>Apple Distribution 证书公钥</td></tr> <tr><td>签名 MD5 / SHA-1</td><td>iOS 填证书 SHA-1</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>注意：</p> <ul> <li>Android 通常填 MD5。</li> <li>iOS 通常填 SHA-1。</li> <li>不要把 Android 的 MD5 填到 iOS。</li> <li>不要把推送证书、公钥 <code>.p8</code>、登录私钥当成备案公钥。</li> <li>Bundle ID、公钥、SHA-1 要来自同一个要上架的 App 和签名证书。</li> </ul> <h2 id="shi-er-app-store-connect-li-tian-xie-icp-bian-hao">十二、App Store Connect 里填写 ICP 编号<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-er-app-store-connect-li-tian-xie-icp-bian-hao" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>备案通过后，会拿到 ICP 备案号。</p> <p>进入：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>https://appstoreconnect.apple.com </span></code></pre> <p>找到对应 App：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>App 信息 -&gt; 在中国大陆的供应情况 </span></code></pre> <p>按页面要求填写 ICP 备案信息。</p> <p>这里要注意：</p> <ul> <li>App Store Connect 里的 App 名称、开发者主体、备案主体信息要尽量保持一致。</li> <li>简体中文 App 信息要和备案信息一致。</li> <li>如果没有配置简体中文，本地化信息要和主要语言里的备案信息一致。</li> <li>游戏、新闻、出版、宗教等类型可能还要额外许可证。</li> </ul> <h2 id="shi-san-chang-jian-wen-ti">十三、常见问题<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-san-chang-jian-wen-ti" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-zheng-shu-li-kan-bu-dao-si-yao-zen-me-ban">1. 证书里看不到私钥怎么办？<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-zheng-shu-li-kan-bu-dao-si-yao-zen-me-ban" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>说明当前 Mac 没有这个证书对应的私钥。</p> <p>解决办法：</p> <ol> <li>去生成 CSR 的那台 Mac 导出 <code>.p12</code></li> <li>或者重新生成 CSR</li> <li>重新创建 Apple Distribution 证书</li> <li>重新生成描述文件</li> </ol> <h3 id="2-sha-1-he-gong-yao-yong-kai-fa-zheng-shu-huan-shi-fa-bu-zheng-shu">2. SHA-1 和公钥用开发证书还是发布证书？<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#2-sha-1-he-gong-yao-yong-kai-fa-zheng-shu-huan-shi-fa-bu-zheng-shu" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>备案和上架一般用发布证书，也就是 <code>Apple Distribution</code>。</p> <p>不要用 <code>Apple Development</code> 证书去填生产 App 的备案信息。</p> <h3 id="3-bundle-id-ke-yi-gai-ma">3. Bundle ID 可以改吗？<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#3-bundle-id-ke-yi-gai-ma" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果 App 已经在 App Store Connect 创建并上传过构建版本，Bundle ID 基本就不能改了。</p> <p>如果还没上传，可以重新建 App ID，但要同步修改 Xcode、描述文件、云打包配置。</p> <h3 id="4-p12-mi-ma-wang-liao-zen-me-ban">4. p12 密码忘了怎么办？<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-p12-mi-ma-wang-liao-zen-me-ban" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p><code>.p12</code> 密码忘了无法找回。</p> <p>如果钥匙串里还有证书和私钥，可以重新导出一份 <code>.p12</code> 并设置新密码。</p> <p>如果私钥也没了，就重新创建证书。</p> <h3 id="5-bei-an-ping-tai-ti-shi-sha-1-ge-shi-cuo-wu-zen-me-ban">5. 备案平台提示 SHA-1 格式错误怎么办？<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#5-bei-an-ping-tai-ti-shi-sha-1-ge-shi-cuo-wu-zen-me-ban" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>先确认是不是填了证书 SHA-1，而不是 App 文件的哈希。</p> <p>再尝试两种格式：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>AA:BB:CC:DD... </span></code></pre> <p>或：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>AABBCCDD... </span></code></pre> <p>不同备案服务商的输入校验不完全一样。</p> <h2 id="shi-si-gei-kai-fa-he-ke-hu-de-zi-liao-qing-dan">十四、给开发和客户的资料清单<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-si-gei-kai-fa-he-ke-hu-de-zi-liao-qing-dan" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>可以按下面这个清单交付：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>App 名称： </span><span>开发者主体： </span><span>Bundle ID： </span><span>证书名称： </span><span>Team ID： </span><span>SHA-1： </span><span>公钥： </span><span>p12 文件： </span><span>p12 密码： </span><span>mobileprovision 文件： </span></code></pre> <p>建议把 <code>.p12</code>、密码分开传，不要放在同一个聊天窗口里。</p> <h2 id="shi-wu-can-kao-ru-kou">十五、参考入口<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-wu-can-kao-ru-kou" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <ul> <li>Apple Developer：https://developer.apple.com/account</li> <li>App Store Connect：https://appstoreconnect.apple.com</li> <li>阿里云 App 备案特征信息说明：https://help.aliyun.com/zh/icp-filing/basic-icp-service/user-guide/fill-in-app-feature-information</li> <li>腾讯云 App 备案特征信息说明：https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/243/97789</li> <li>Apple App 信息说明：https://developer.apple.com/cn/help/app-store-connect/reference/app-information/app-information</li> </ul> <h2 id="xiao-jie">小结<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#xiao-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>iOS App 备案最容易混淆的是证书相关信息。记住这几个对应关系就行：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Bundle ID = iOS App 唯一标识 </span><span>公钥 = Apple Distribution 证书里的公钥 </span><span>SHA-1 = Apple Distribution 证书的 SHA-1 指纹 </span><span>p12 = 证书 + 私钥，用来打包 </span><span>mobileprovision = Bundle ID + 证书 + 权限配置，用来描述签名范围 </span></code></pre> <p>备案前先把 Bundle ID、证书、描述文件统一好，后面打包、备案、上架都会省很多事。</p> 2026-05-18T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-18T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/sqlite-cli-common-commands/ <p>SQLite 自带的 <code>sqlite3</code> 命令行工具很适合临时查数据、排查问题、导入导出小文件。下面整理一份常用命令，日常够用了。</p> <h2 id="qi-dong-he-da-kai-shu-ju-ku">启动和打开数据库<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#qi-dong-he-da-kai-shu-ju-ku" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 打开已有数据库；文件不存在时会自动创建 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> app.db </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 只读方式打开，适合线上排查 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3 -readonly</span><span> app.db </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 直接执行一条 SQL 后退出 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> app.db &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">select count(*) from users;</span><span>&quot; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 打开内存数据库 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> :memory: </span></code></pre> <p>进入交互终端后，提示符一般是：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>sqlite&gt; </span></code></pre> <p>SQLite 终端里有两类命令：</p> <ul> <li>SQL 语句：例如 <code>select * from users;</code>，末尾需要分号。</li> <li>点命令：例如 <code>.tables</code>、<code>.schema</code>，以 <code>.</code> 开头，不需要分号。</li> </ul> <h2 id="cha-kan-bang-zhu-he-tui-chu">查看帮助和退出<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#cha-kan-bang-zhu-he-tui-chu" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.help </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看所有点命令 </span><span>.quit </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 退出 </span><span>.exit </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 退出 </span></code></pre> <p>如果 SQL 写了一半进入了多行模式，可以用 <code>Ctrl+C</code> 取消当前输入。</p> <h2 id="cha-kan-shu-ju-ku-jie-gou">查看数据库结构<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#cha-kan-shu-ju-ku-jie-gou" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.databases </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看当前连接的数据库文件 </span><span>.tables </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看所有表 </span><span>.tables user% </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 按模式过滤表名 </span><span>.schema </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看完整建表语句 </span><span>.schema users </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看某张表的建表语句 </span><span>.indexes </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看所有索引 </span><span>.indexes users </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 查看某张表的索引 </span></code></pre> <p>也可以直接查系统表：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> name, type </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> sqlite_master </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> type in (&#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">table</span><span>&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">index</span><span>&#39;, &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">view</span><span>&#39;) </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">order by</span><span> type, name; </span></code></pre> <p>查看表字段：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma table_info(users); </span></code></pre> <p>查看外键：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma foreign_key_list(users); </span></code></pre> <h2 id="shu-chu-ge-shi-she-zhi">输出格式设置<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shu-chu-ge-shi-she-zhi" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>默认输出不太适合阅读，建议先打开表头和列模式：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.headers on </span><span>.mode column </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> id, name, created_at </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">limit </span><span style="color:#d08770;">10</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>常用输出模式：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.mode column </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 表格列对齐，适合人看 </span><span>.mode </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">box </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 边框表格，新版本 sqlite3 更好看 </span><span>.mode list </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 默认模式 </span><span>.mode csv </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- CSV </span><span>.mode json </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- JSON </span><span>.mode </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">line </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 每列一行，适合字段很多的记录 </span></code></pre> <p>设置空值显示：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.nullvalue </span><span style="color:#d08770;">NULL </span></code></pre> <p>打开 SQL 执行时间：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.timer on </span></code></pre> <h2 id="chang-yong-cha-xun">常用查询<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chang-yong-cha-xun" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>查看前几行：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">limit </span><span style="color:#d08770;">10</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>按时间倒序：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">order by</span><span> created_at </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">desc </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">limit </span><span style="color:#d08770;">20</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>统计行数：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">count</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">*</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users; </span></code></pre> <p>模糊搜索：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> name like &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">%tom%</span><span>&#39;; </span></code></pre> <p>查看重复数据：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> email, </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">count</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">*</span><span>) as n </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">group by</span><span> email </span><span>having n &gt; </span><span style="color:#d08770;">1</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <h2 id="shan-chu-shu-ju">删除数据<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shan-chu-shu-ju" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>删除前先查一遍，确认条件命中了正确的数据：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> id = </span><span style="color:#d08770;">10</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>删除一条记录：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> id = </span><span style="color:#d08770;">10</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>按条件删除多条记录：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> status = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">disabled</span><span>&#39;; </span></code></pre> <p>删除前统计影响行数：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">count</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">*</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> status = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">disabled</span><span>&#39;; </span></code></pre> <p>更稳妥的做法是放进事务里：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">begin</span><span>; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> status = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">disabled</span><span>&#39;; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;">-- 确认删除后的结果 </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">count</span><span>(</span><span style="color:#bf616a;">*</span><span>) </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">commit</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>如果发现删错了，在 <code>commit;</code> 之前可以回滚：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">rollback</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>清空整张表：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> users; </span></code></pre> <p>如果表有自增主键，并且想同时重置自增序列：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> users; </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">delete from</span><span> sqlite_sequence </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> name = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">users</span><span>&#39;; </span></code></pre> <p>SQLite 没有 MySQL 那种 <code>truncate table users;</code>，清空表一般就是用 <code>delete from users;</code>。</p> <p>删除表结构和数据：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">drop table</span><span> users; </span></code></pre> <p><code>drop table</code> 会把整张表删掉，表结构也没了，执行前最好先 <code>.schema users</code> 或 <code>.dump users</code> 留一份。</p> <h2 id="dao-ru-he-dao-chu">导入和导出<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#dao-ru-he-dao-chu" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="dao-chu-cha-xun-jie-guo-dao-csv">导出查询结果到 CSV<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#dao-chu-cha-xun-jie-guo-dao-csv" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.headers on </span><span>.mode csv </span><span>.once </span><span style="color:#d08770;">users</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">csv </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> id, name, email </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users; </span></code></pre> <p><code>.once</code> 只影响下一条 SQL。也可以用 <code>.output</code> 持续输出到文件：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.output </span><span style="color:#d08770;">users</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">csv </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users; </span><span>.output stdout </span></code></pre> <h3 id="dao-ru-csv-dao-biao">导入 CSV 到表<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#dao-ru-csv-dao-biao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>先确认表已经存在：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">create table </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">users_import</span><span> ( </span><span> id </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">integer</span><span>, </span><span> name </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">text</span><span>, </span><span> email </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">text </span><span>); </span></code></pre> <p>再导入：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.mode csv </span><span>.import </span><span style="color:#d08770;">users</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">csv</span><span> users_import </span></code></pre> <p>如果 CSV 第一行是表头，新版 sqlite3 可以这样跳过：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.import </span><span style="color:#65737e;">--skip 1 users.csv users_import </span></code></pre> <h3 id="dao-chu-zheng-ge-shu-ju-ku">导出整个数据库<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#dao-chu-zheng-ge-shu-ju-ku" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> app.db &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">.dump</span><span>&quot; &gt; app.sql </span></code></pre> <p>只导出某张表：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> app.db &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">.dump users</span><span>&quot; &gt; users.sql </span></code></pre> <p>从 SQL 文件恢复：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> new.db &lt; app.sql </span></code></pre> <h2 id="bei-fen-he-fu-zhi-shu-ju-ku">备份和复制数据库<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#bei-fen-he-fu-zhi-shu-ju-ku" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>在 sqlite3 交互终端中备份：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.backup </span><span style="color:#d08770;">backup</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">db </span></code></pre> <p>把当前数据库保存为新文件：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.save </span><span style="color:#d08770;">copy</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">db </span></code></pre> <p>如果数据库正在被应用使用，优先用 <code>.backup</code>，不要直接复制 <code>app.db</code> 文件。</p> <h2 id="zhi-xing-sql-wen-jian">执行 SQL 文件<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#zhi-xing-sql-wen-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3</span><span> app.db &lt; migration.sql </span></code></pre> <p>或在交互终端里执行：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.read </span><span style="color:#d08770;">migration</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">sql </span></code></pre> <h2 id="shi-wu-cao-zuo">事务操作<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shi-wu-cao-zuo" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>手动开启事务：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">begin</span><span>; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">update</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">set</span><span> status = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">disabled</span><span>&#39; </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> last_login_at &lt; &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">2025-01-01</span><span>&#39;; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">commit</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>发现不对就回滚：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">rollback</span><span>; </span></code></pre> <p>线上手动改数据时，建议先 <code>begin;</code>，查清影响范围后再 <code>commit;</code>。</p> <h2 id="cha-kan-zhi-xing-ji-hua">查看执行计划<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#cha-kan-zhi-xing-ji-hua" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>explain query plan </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">* </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from</span><span> users </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">where</span><span> email = &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">a@example.com</span><span>&#39;; </span></code></pre> <p>如果结果里看到全表扫描，并且这条查询很频繁，可以考虑加索引：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">create index </span><span>idx_users_email on </span><span style="color:#8fa1b3;">users</span><span>(email); </span></code></pre> <h2 id="chang-yong-pragma">常用 PRAGMA<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chang-yong-pragma" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>查看 SQLite 版本：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> sqlite_version(); </span></code></pre> <p>查看数据库页大小和大小信息：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma page_size; </span><span>pragma page_count; </span><span>pragma freelist_count; </span></code></pre> <p>开启外键约束：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma foreign_keys = on; </span></code></pre> <p>查看外键是否开启：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma foreign_keys; </span></code></pre> <p>检查数据库完整性：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma integrity_check; </span></code></pre> <p>清理空间：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>vacuum; </span></code></pre> <p>更新统计信息，帮助查询优化器：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>analyze; </span></code></pre> <h2 id="attach-duo-ge-shu-ju-ku">Attach 多个数据库<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#attach-duo-ge-shu-ju-ku" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>有时需要在两个 SQLite 数据库之间复制数据：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>attach database &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">old.db</span><span>&#39; as old; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">insert into</span><span> users (id, name, email) </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">select</span><span> id, name, email </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">from </span><span style="color:#d08770;">old</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">users</span><span>; </span><span> </span><span>detach database old; </span></code></pre> <p>查看当前连接：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.databases </span></code></pre> <h2 id="pai-cha-suo-wen-ti">排查锁问题<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#pai-cha-suo-wen-ti" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>如果遇到：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>database is locked </span></code></pre> <p>可以先设置等待时间：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.timeout </span><span style="color:#d08770;">5000 </span></code></pre> <p>表示最多等待 5000 毫秒。</p> <p>也可以检查当前 journal 模式：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma journal_mode; </span></code></pre> <p>开发环境可以考虑启用 WAL：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>pragma journal_mode = wal; </span></code></pre> <p>WAL 通常能改善读写并发，但是否适合线上环境要结合部署方式判断，尤其是网络文件系统上要谨慎。</p> <h2 id="yi-ge-chang-yong-qi-dong-mo-ban">一个常用启动模板<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#yi-ge-chang-yong-qi-dong-mo-ban" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>平时查库可以这样开：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">sqlite3 -readonly</span><span> app.db </span></code></pre> <p>进入后先执行：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.headers on </span><span>.mode </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">box </span><span>.timer on </span><span>.nullvalue </span><span style="color:#d08770;">NULL </span><span>.tables </span></code></pre> <p>如果 sqlite3 版本不支持 <code>.mode box</code>，就换成：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.mode column </span></code></pre> <h2 id="xiao-jie">小结<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#xiao-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>最常用的一组命令：</p> <pre data-lang="sql" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sql "><code class="language-sql" data-lang="sql"><span>.help </span><span>.databases </span><span>.tables </span><span>.schema users </span><span>.headers on </span><span>.mode </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">box </span><span>.timer on </span><span>.once </span><span style="color:#d08770;">result</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">csv </span><span>.import </span><span style="color:#d08770;">data</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">csv</span><span> table_name </span><span>.backup </span><span style="color:#d08770;">backup</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">db </span><span>.read </span><span style="color:#d08770;">file</span><span>.</span><span style="color:#d08770;">sql </span><span>.quit </span></code></pre> <p>记住点命令不加分号、SQL 语句要加分号，基本就能顺畅使用 sqlite3 终端了。</p> 2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/boltffi-intro/

<p>最近关注到 <a href="https://www.boltffi.dev/">Bolt FFI</a>，这是一个能把 Rust 库自动导出为多语言绑定的工具。它的定位很清晰：把业务逻辑集中在 Rust 中，一次编写，多端复用。</p>

2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00 2026-05-12T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/rust-ui-frameworks-2025/

<p>Rust 的 GUI 生态一直是个热闹的话题。从早期的 egui、iced，到 Dioxus、Slint，各家在自绘、原生渲染、Web 技术栈之间走不同的路线。最近注意到三个较新的框架——<a href="https://waterui.dev/">WaterUI</a>、<a href="https://project-blinc.github.io/Blinc/introduction.html">Blinc</a> 和 <a href="https://plyx.iz.rs/">Ply</a>——它们都在尝试用 Rust 写一套代码，跑在移动端、桌面端甚至 Web 上。本文简单梳理它们的特点和差异。</p>

2026-04-07T00:00:00+00:00 2026-04-07T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/flutter-usb-debugging/ <h2 id="wen-ti">问题<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#wen-ti" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>今天跑 <code>flutter devices</code> 想在真机上调试，结果只看到 macOS、Chrome 和 iPhone，Android 手机完全不见踪影。</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> flutter devices </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Found</span><span> 3 connected devices: </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">macOS</span><span> (desktop) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">•</span><span> macos • darwin-arm64 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Mac</span><span> Designed for iPad (desktop) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">•</span><span> mac-designed-for-ipad • darwin </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Chrome</span><span> (web) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">•</span><span> chrome • web-javascript </span></code></pre> <p>手机明明插着，开发者模式也开了，就是认不出来。</p> <h2 id="pai-cha-guo-cheng">排查过程<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#pai-cha-guo-cheng" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>以为是 Android SDK 或者驱动的问题，跑了 <code>flutter doctor</code>，结果：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>[✓] Android toolchain - develop for Android devices (Android SDK version 36.1.0) </span></code></pre> <p>Android SDK 没问题。<code>adb devices</code> 也是空的。说明问题不在 Flutter 层面，而是 macOS 根本没识别到手机。</p> <h2 id="yuan-yin">原因<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#yuan-yin" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>最后想起来——<strong>USB 调试没开</strong>。</p> <p>光开"开发者模式"不够，USB 调试是独立的选项，必须单独打开。</p> <h2 id="zheng-que-bu-zou">正确步骤<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#zheng-que-bu-zou" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>正确顺序是这样的：</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>打开 USB 调试</strong> 设置 → 开发者选项 → <strong>USB 调试</strong> → 打开</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>插入数据线</strong> 用支持数据传输的线（有些线只能充电）</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>在手机上授权</strong> 连接电脑后，手机会弹出对话框，勾选"始终允许来自此计算机"，点允许</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>（可选）切换 USB 模式</strong> 从通知栏下拉 → USB 选项 → 选择"传输文件（MTP）"</p> </li> </ol> <p>搞定之后再跑 <code>flutter devices</code>，Android 设备就出现了：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">$</span><span> flutter devices </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Found</span><span> 4 connected devices: </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">macOS</span><span> (desktop) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">•</span><span> macos • darwin-arm64 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">... </span><span> </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Pixel</span><span> 6a (mobile) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">•</span><span> android-arm64 • Android 14 </span></code></pre> <h2 id="xiao-jie">小结<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#xiao-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>这是一个低级错误，但确实值得记录。开发者模式和 USB 调试是两回事，平时用得少真的会忘。下次遇到类似问题，先检查这三点：</p> <ul> <li>USB 调试开了没</li> <li>数据线支不支持数据传输</li> <li>授权弹窗点了没</li> </ul> <hr /> <p>题图：Flutter 调试界面</p> 2026-04-03T00:00:00+00:00 2026-04-03T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/apple-developer-company-account/ <p>公司注册苹果开发者账号（Apple Developer Program）与个人账号在功能和费用上完全一致，均为 <strong>$99/年</strong>，但需要额外验证公司真实性和 D-U-N-S 号码。记录一下完整流程供有需要的人参考。</p> <h2 id="yi-qian-zhi-zhun-bei">一、前置准备<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#yi-qian-zhi-zhun-bei" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-1-que-ren-zhang-hao-lei-xing">1.1 确认账号类型<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-1-que-ren-zhang-hao-lei-xing" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>类型</th><th>适用对象</th><th>年费</th><th>是否需要 D-U-N-S</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>个人（Individual）</td><td>个人开发者</td><td>$99</td><td>否</td></tr> <tr><td>公司（Organization）</td><td>企业/组织</td><td>$99</td><td><strong>是</strong></td></tr> <tr><td>企业（Enterprise）</td><td>内部大规模部署，不上架 App Store</td><td>$299</td><td>是</td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>上架 App Store 走公司类型即可，无需企业账号。</p> <h3 id="1-2-zhun-bei-d-u-n-s-hao-ma">1.2 准备 D-U-N-S 号码<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-2-zhun-bei-d-u-n-s-hao-ma" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>D-U-N-S 是邓白氏公司（Dun &amp; Bradstreet）发行的唯一企业标识符，苹果用它来验证公司真实存在。</p> <p><strong>先查，再申请。</strong> 邓白氏数据库覆盖了全球大量企业，很多公司其实<strong>早已有 D-U-N-S 号码</strong>，只是没有主动申请过。以下情况可能已有号码：</p> <ul> <li>曾在银行申请过企业贷款或信用卡</li> <li>办理过企业信用报告或评级业务</li> <li>与有业务往来的大型企业做过供应商登记</li> <li>公司成立时间较长（如10年以上）</li> </ul> <p>因此第一步先去邓白氏官网查询：</p> <ul> <li>苹果官方查询入口：https://developer.apple.com/enroll/duns-lookup</li> <li>邓白氏官网查询入口：https://developer.dnb.com/get-your-duns-number/</li> <li>输入公司名称或 D-U-N-S 号码直接搜索</li> <li>搜到了直接用，搜不到再申请</li> </ul> <p><strong>申请方式（搜不到时）：</strong></p> <ul> <li>官网申请入口：https://developer.dnb.com/get-your-duns-number/</li> <li>正常情况下免费，审核周期 <strong>1-2 个工作日</strong></li> <li>加急可联系邓白氏客服（国内可打 400-921-0385）</li> </ul> <p><strong>填写注意事项：</strong></p> <ul> <li>公司名称必须与营业执照上的<strong>完全一致</strong>（中英文、大小写、空格都要对齐）</li> <li>总部地址、员工人数等需如实填写</li> <li>申请后记录下 D-U-N-S 号码，一般格式为 <code>XX-XXX-XXXX</code></li> </ul> <blockquote> <p>如果是新申请 D-U-N-S 号码，邓白氏数据同步到苹果需要 <strong>1-2 天</strong>，建议等 2-3 天再进行苹果注册，否则可能遇到"D-U-N-S 号码找不到"的报错。</p> </blockquote> <h3 id="1-3-zhun-bei-gong-si-zi-liao">1.3 准备公司资料<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-3-zhun-bei-gong-si-zi-liao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p><strong>中国境内公司需要准备：</strong></p> <ol> <li><strong>营业执照</strong>（加盖公章的扫描件或照片）</li> <li><strong>法人身份证</strong>正反面</li> <li><strong>在职证明</strong>（苹果注册时需证明申请人是公司员工。可用这个工具 <a href="/apple-employment-cert.html" style="color:#2563eb;text-decoration:none;">在职证明生成器</a> 快速生成 A4 格式的中英文在职证明）</li> <li><strong>D-U-N-S 号码确认函</strong>（邓白氏发放，可截图或 PDF）</li> <li><strong>公司英文名称</strong>（用于 App Store 显示，没有的话需要自己音译或意译）</li> <li><strong>公司网站</strong>（需可访问，至少有简单的关于我们页面）</li> <li><strong>Apple ID</strong>（用于登录开发者账号，建议使用公司域名的邮箱，如 <code>developer@yourcompany.com</code>）</li> <li><strong>信用卡</strong>（用于支付 $99 年费，支持 VISA / Mastercard）</li> </ol> <h2 id="er-zhu-ce-liu-cheng">二、注册流程<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#er-zhu-ce-liu-cheng" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="step-1-fang-wen-zhu-ce-ye-mian">Step 1：访问注册页面<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-1-fang-wen-zhu-ce-ye-mian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>打开 https://developer.apple.com/enroll/ ，选择 "Organization"。</p> <h3 id="step-2-shu-ru-d-u-n-s-hao-ma">Step 2：输入 D-U-N-S 号码<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-2-shu-ru-d-u-n-s-hao-ma" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>苹果会验证 D-U-N-S 号码。如果提示找不到：</p> <ul> <li>等待 1-2 天后再试</li> <li>或联系邓白氏更新数据</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-3-tian-xie-gong-si-xin-xi">Step 3：填写公司信息<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-3-tian-xie-gong-si-xin-xi" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ul> <li><strong>Legal Entity Name</strong>：公司全称（英文），必须与 D-U-N-S 登记一致</li> <li><strong>D-U-N-S Number</strong>：填入已申请的号码</li> <li><strong>Website</strong>：公司官网</li> <li><strong>Headquarters Address</strong>：公司总部地址（英文）</li> <li><strong>Work Email</strong>：公司域名邮箱（避免使用 gmail、qq 等公共邮箱）</li> <li><strong>Phone</strong>：公司电话</li> </ul> <h3 id="step-4-ti-jiao-zi-liao-gong-shen-he">Step 4：提交资料供审核<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-4-ti-jiao-zi-liao-gong-shen-he" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>苹果会验证：</p> <ol> <li>公司是否真实存在（通过 D-U-N-S）</li> <li>申请人是否有权代表公司（需提供营业执照、法人身份证）</li> </ol> <h3 id="step-5-qian-shu-xie-yi-bing-fu-kuan">Step 5：签署协议并付款<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-5-qian-shu-xie-yi-bing-fu-kuan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>审核通过后：</p> <ol> <li>阅读并签署《Apple Developer Program License Agreement》</li> <li>使用信用卡支付 <strong>$99 美元/年</strong></li> </ol> <h3 id="step-6-deng-dai-ji-huo">Step 6：等待激活<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#step-6-deng-dai-ji-huo" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>付款成功后，账号会在 <strong>1-2 个工作日</strong>内激活。届时你会收到确认邮件。</p> <h2 id="san-wan-zheng-zi-liao-qing-dan">三、完整资料清单<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#san-wan-zheng-zi-liao-qing-dan" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>□ D-U-N-S 号码 </span><span>□ 营业执照（加盖公章） </span><span>□ 法人身份证（正反面） </span><span>□ 在职证明（公司员工证明，可借助 &lt;a href=&quot;/apple-employment-cert.html&quot; style=&quot;color:#2563eb;text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;在职证明生成器&lt;/a&gt;） </span><span>□ 公司域名邮箱（推荐） </span><span>□ 公司英文名称（提前想好） </span><span>□ 公司官网（可访问） </span><span>□ 信用卡（支持外币支付） </span><span>□ Apple ID（建议新建或使用公司邮箱） </span><span>□ 公章（如果需要纸质盖章流程） </span><span>□ 邓白氏确认函（截图即可） </span></code></pre> <h2 id="si-zhu-yi-shi-xiang">四、注意事项<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#si-zhu-yi-shi-xiang" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="4-1-zhang-hao-gui-shu-quan">4.1 账号归属权<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-1-zhang-hao-gui-shu-quan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>公司账号的归属权在<strong>公司主体</strong>而非个人。即使添加了多个成员，离职后移除即可，不影响账号。这是公司注册最重要的意义之一。</p> <h3 id="4-2-yi-ge-ren-ye-ke-yi-zhu-ce-gong-si-zhang-hao">4.2 一个人也可以注册公司账号<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-2-yi-ge-ren-ye-ke-yi-zhu-ce-gong-si-zhang-hao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>不要求公司有多名员工，个体工商户也可以申请。</p> <h3 id="4-3-xin-yong-qia-wen-ti">4.3 信用卡问题<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-3-xin-yong-qia-wen-ti" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>苹果从境外扣款，建议使用<strong>单币种外币卡</strong>（如中行 VISA 美金卡）。双币种卡有时会遇到支付失败。如果失败，可尝试：</p> <ul> <li>换一张卡</li> <li>联系银行开放境外网上支付</li> <li>通过电话支付</li> </ul> <h3 id="4-4-shen-he-shi-jian">4.4 审核时间<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-4-shen-he-shi-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>正常情况下 1-2 个工作日。如果资料有问题，苹果会发邮件要求补充。注意查收垃圾邮件箱。</p> <h3 id="4-5-nian-fei-xu-fei">4.5 年费续费<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-5-nian-fei-xu-fei" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>到期前一个月苹果会发邮件提醒。<strong>建议开启自动续费</strong>，开发者证书和描述文件与账号绑定，断签后会影响线上 App 的更新和安装。</p> <h2 id="wu-zhu-ce-wan-cheng-hou-yao-zuo-de-shi">五、注册完成后要做的事<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#wu-zhu-ce-wan-cheng-hou-yao-zuo-de-shi" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <ol> <li>在 <a href="https://developer.apple.com/">Apple Developer Console</a> 中添加团队成员，设置角色权限</li> <li>在 <a href="https://appstoreconnect.apple.com/">App Store Connect</a> 中创建 App 记录</li> <li>创建 App Store Connect 团队的 Apple ID（如果多人需要协同）</li> <li>配置 App Store 开发者账号的税务和银行信息（用于接收 App 收入）</li> </ol> <hr /> <p>总体来说，公司注册苹果开发者账号比个人账号多出 D-U-N-S 验证这一步，其他流程都很直接。核心要点就是：<strong>提前申请 D-U-N-S、公司名称保持一致、准备好外币信用卡</strong>。</p> 2026-03-06T00:00:00+00:00 2026-03-06T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/git-reset-branch-to-previous-commit/ <h2 id="wen-ti-miao-shu">问题描述<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#wen-ti-miao-shu" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>在运行 <code>cargo watch -x 'run -p gateway'</code> 时遇到错误：</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>error: failed to load manifest for workspace member </span><span>referenced by workspace at `/path/to/Cargo.toml` </span><span> </span><span>Caused by: </span><span> failed to load manifest for dependency `module-store` </span><span> </span><span>Caused by: </span><span> failed to read `/path/to/modules/store/Cargo.toml` </span><span> </span><span>Caused by: </span><span> No such file or directory (os error 2) </span></code></pre> <p>原因是 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 中的 workspace members 列表包含了 <code>modules/store</code> 和 <code>modules/merchant</code>，但这些目录实际上不存在。这是由于之前的错误提交导致的。</p> <h2 id="jie-jue-fang-an">解决方案<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#jie-jue-fang-an" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-que-ren-zheng-que-de-ti-jiao">1. 确认正确的提交<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-que-ren-zheng-que-de-ti-jiao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>首先查看提交历史，找到最后一个正常工作的提交：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> log</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --oneline </span></code></pre> <p>确认目标提交是 <code>14b6cf9</code> (use orm fixed n+1)。</p> <h3 id="2-zhong-zhi-fen-zhi">2. 重置分支<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#2-zhong-zhi-fen-zhi" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果当前在 detached HEAD 状态，可以使用以下方法：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 方法一：强制将 main 分支指向当前 HEAD，然后切换到 main </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> branch</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -f</span><span> main HEAD &amp;&amp; </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> checkout main </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 方法二：切换回 main 分支，然后重置到目标提交 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> checkout main </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> reset</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --hard</span><span> 14b6cf9 </span></code></pre> <p>如果已经在 main 分支上：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 直接重置 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> reset</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --hard</span><span> 14b6cf9 </span></code></pre> <h3 id="3-tui-song-dao-yuan-cheng-ke-xuan">3. 推送到远程（可选）<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#3-tui-song-dao-yuan-cheng-ke-xuan" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果需要更新远程仓库，使用 force push：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> push origin main</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --force </span></code></pre> <p><strong>⚠️ 注意</strong>：<code>--force</code> 会覆盖远程历史记录，如果团队中有其他人在使用该分支，请先沟通确认。</p> <h3 id="4-yan-zheng">4. 验证<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-yan-zheng" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 查看当前分支和状态 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> branch</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --show-current </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> status </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 查看最近的提交 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> log</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --oneline -5 </span></code></pre> <h2 id="xiang-guan-zhi-shi">相关知识<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#xiang-guan-zhi-shi" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="git-reset-hard-de-zuo-yong">git reset --hard 的作用<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#git-reset-hard-de-zuo-yong" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ul> <li>移动 HEAD 指针到指定提交</li> <li>重置暂存区（staging area）</li> <li>重置工作目录（working directory）</li> <li><strong>会丢失所有未提交的更改</strong></li> </ul> <h3 id="detached-head-zhuang-tai">Detached HEAD 状态<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#detached-head-zhuang-tai" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>当你直接 checkout 到某个提交（而不是分支）时，会进入 detached HEAD 状态。此时的修改不属于任何分支，需要创建新分支或切换回已有分支。</p> <h3 id="geng-an-quan-de-ti-dai-fang-an">更安全的替代方案<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#geng-an-quan-de-ti-dai-fang-an" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>如果不想使用 <code>--hard</code>，可以考虑：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建备份分支 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> branch backup-branch </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 使用 revert 撤销提交（保留历史） </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> revert &lt;commit-hash&gt; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 或使用 reset --soft（保留更改在暂存区） </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> reset</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --soft </span><span>&lt;commit-hash&gt; </span></code></pre> <h2 id="zong-jie">总结<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#zong-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>遇到 Cargo workspace 成员缺失的问题时，首先检查 <code>Cargo.toml</code> 中的 members 列表是否与实际目录结构匹配。如果是由错误提交导致的，可以使用 <code>git reset --hard</code> 快速回退到正确的状态。</p> 2026-03-06T00:00:00+00:00 2026-03-06T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/tmux-guide/ <h2 id="shen-me-shi-tmux">什么是 Tmux<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shen-me-shi-tmux" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>Tmux (Terminal Multiplexer) 是一个终端复用器，允许你在一个终端窗口中运行多个会话，并且可以在后台保持运行。即使关闭 SSH 连接或终端窗口，tmux 会话也会继续运行。</p> <h2 id="ji-ben-cao-zuo">基本操作<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ji-ben-cao-zuo" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="hui-hua-guan-li">会话管理<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#hui-hua-guan-li" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建新会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建命名会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> new</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> myproject </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 列出所有会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> ls </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 连接到最近的会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> attach </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 连接到指定会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> attach</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -t</span><span> myproject </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 杀死指定会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> kill-session</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -t</span><span> myproject </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 杀死所有会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> kill-server </span></code></pre> <h3 id="fen-chi-he-zhong-lian">分离和重连<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fen-chi-he-zhong-lian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 在 tmux 会话中按快捷键分离 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> d </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 或使用命令 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> detach </span></code></pre> <h2 id="chang-yong-kuai-jie-jian">常用快捷键<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chang-yong-kuai-jie-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>所有 tmux 快捷键都以 <code>Ctrl+b</code> 作为前缀（按下后松开，再按功能键）。</p> <h3 id="qian-zhui-jian">前缀键<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#qian-zhui-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>主前缀键</td><td><code>Ctrl+b</code></td><td><code>Ctrl+b</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>次前缀键</td><td>无</td><td><code>Ctrl+b</code></td><td>GNU-Screen 兼容</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="hui-hua-guan-li-1">会话管理<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#hui-hua-guan-li-1" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>分离会话</td><td><code>prefix d</code></td><td><code>prefix d</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>列出会话</td><td><code>prefix s</code></td><td><code>prefix s</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>重命名会话</td><td><code>prefix $</code></td><td><code>prefix $</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>新建会话</td><td><code>prefix :new</code></td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+c</code></td><td>更快捷</td></tr> <tr><td>查找会话</td><td><code>prefix s</code></td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+f</code></td><td>命令提示查找</td></tr> <tr><td>切换上一会话</td><td><code>prefix L</code></td><td><code>prefix Shift+Tab</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="chuang-kou-guan-li">窗口管理<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chuang-kou-guan-li" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>创建窗口</td><td><code>prefix c</code></td><td><code>prefix c</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>重命名窗口</td><td><code>prefix ,</code></td><td><code>prefix ,</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>列出窗口</td><td><code>prefix w</code></td><td><code>prefix w</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>关闭窗口</td><td><code>prefix &amp;</code></td><td><code>prefix &amp;</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>切换窗口</td><td><code>prefix 0-9</code></td><td><code>prefix 0-9</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>下一个窗口</td><td><code>prefix n</code></td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+l</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>上一个窗口</td><td><code>prefix p</code></td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+h</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>最后活动窗口</td><td><code>prefix l</code></td><td><code>prefix Tab</code></td><td>更快捷</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="mian-ban-cao-zuo">面板操作<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#mian-ban-cao-zuo" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>垂直分割</td><td><code>prefix %</code></td><td><code>prefix _</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> <tr><td>水平分割</td><td><code>prefix "</code></td><td><code>prefix -</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> <tr><td>关闭面板</td><td><code>prefix x</code></td><td><code>prefix x</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>切换面板</td><td><code>prefix o</code></td><td><code>prefix o</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>最大化面板</td><td><code>prefix z</code></td><td><code>prefix +</code></td><td>自定义脚本</td></tr> <tr><td>向左移动</td><td><code>prefix ←</code></td><td><code>prefix h</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>向下移动</td><td><code>prefix ↓</code></td><td><code>prefix j</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>向上移动</td><td><code>prefix ↑</code></td><td><code>prefix k</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>向右移动</td><td><code>prefix →</code></td><td><code>prefix l</code></td><td>Vim 风格</td></tr> <tr><td>向左调整</td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+←</code></td><td><code>prefix H</code></td><td>Vim 大写</td></tr> <tr><td>向下调整</td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+↓</code></td><td><code>prefix J</code></td><td>Vim 大写</td></tr> <tr><td>向上调整</td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+↑</code></td><td><code>prefix K</code></td><td>Vim 大写</td></tr> <tr><td>向右调整</td><td><code>prefix Ctrl+→</code></td><td><code>prefix L</code></td><td>Vim 大写</td></tr> <tr><td>交换面板(下)</td><td><code>prefix {</code></td><td><code>prefix &gt;</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> <tr><td>交换面板(上)</td><td><code>prefix }</code></td><td><code>prefix &lt;</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="fu-zhi-mo-shi">复制模式<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fu-zhi-mo-shi" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>进入复制模式</td><td><code>prefix [</code></td><td><code>prefix Enter</code></td><td>更快捷</td></tr> <tr><td>开始选择</td><td><code>Space</code></td><td><code>v</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>矩形选择</td><td>无</td><td><code>Ctrl+v</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>复制选择</td><td><code>Enter</code></td><td><code>y</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>取消</td><td><code>q</code></td><td><code>Escape</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>行首</td><td><code>0</code></td><td><code>H</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>行尾</td><td><code>$</code></td><td><code>L</code></td><td>Vi 模式</td></tr> <tr><td>粘贴</td><td><code>prefix ]</code></td><td><code>prefix p</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="huan-chong-qu-guan-li">缓冲区管理<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#huan-chong-qu-guan-li" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>列出缓冲区</td><td><code>prefix #</code></td><td><code>prefix b</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> <tr><td>粘贴缓冲区</td><td><code>prefix ]</code></td><td><code>prefix p</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> <tr><td>选择缓冲区</td><td><code>prefix =</code></td><td><code>prefix P</code></td><td>更直观</td></tr> </tbody></table> <h3 id="qi-ta-cao-zuo">其他操作<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#qi-ta-cao-zuo" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <table><thead><tr><th>功能</th><th>默认快捷键</th><th>优化配置</th><th>说明</th></tr></thead><tbody> <tr><td>显示快捷键</td><td><code>prefix ?</code></td><td><code>prefix ?</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>显示时钟</td><td><code>prefix t</code></td><td><code>prefix t</code></td><td>保持默认</td></tr> <tr><td>重载配置</td><td><code>prefix :source-file</code></td><td><code>prefix r</code></td><td>快速重载</td></tr> <tr><td>编辑配置</td><td>无</td><td><code>prefix e</code></td><td>打开编辑器</td></tr> <tr><td>清屏+历史</td><td><code>Ctrl+l</code></td><td><code>Ctrl+l</code></td><td>增强清屏</td></tr> <tr><td>鼠标切换</td><td>无</td><td><code>prefix m</code></td><td>切换鼠标模式</td></tr> <tr><td>URL 查看</td><td>无</td><td><code>prefix U</code></td><td>urlview 集成</td></tr> <tr><td>文件选择器</td><td>无</td><td><code>prefix F</code></td><td>fpp 集成</td></tr> </tbody></table> <blockquote> <p><strong>配置说明</strong>：优化配置基于 <a href="https://github.com/gpakosz/.tmux">gpakosz/.tmux</a>，采用 Vim 风格导航，提供更直观的快捷键和增强功能。</p> </blockquote> <h2 id="chang-yong-chang-jing">常用场景<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chang-yong-chang-jing" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-yun-xing-chang-qi-fu-wu">1. 运行长期服务<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-yun-xing-chang-qi-fu-wu" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建会话并启动开发服务器 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> new</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> dev </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">npm</span><span> run dev </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 按 Ctrl+b d 分离会话 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 关闭终端窗口，服务继续运行 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 稍后重连 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> attach</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -t</span><span> dev </span></code></pre> <h3 id="2-ssh-yuan-cheng-gong-zuo">2. SSH 远程工作<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#2-ssh-yuan-cheng-gong-zuo" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># SSH 连接到服务器 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">ssh</span><span> user@server </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建或连接到 tmux 会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> attach || </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> new</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> work </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 即使 SSH 断开，工作也不会丢失 </span></code></pre> <h3 id="3-duo-ren-wu-bing-xing">3. 多任务并行<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#3-duo-ren-wu-bing-xing" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建会话 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> new</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> -s</span><span> multi </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 创建多个窗口 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> c </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 窗口1: 编辑器 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> c </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 窗口2: 服务器 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> c </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 窗口3: 日志监控 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 在窗口间快速切换 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> 0 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 切换到窗口0 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> 1 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 切换到窗口1 </span></code></pre> <h2 id="pei-zhi-wen-jian">配置文件<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#pei-zhi-wen-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>创建 <code>~/.tmux.conf</code> 自定义配置：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 修改前缀键为 Ctrl+a（可选） </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># set -g prefix C-a </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># unbind C-b </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># bind C-a send-prefix </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 启用鼠标支持 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">set</span><span> -g mouse on </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 设置窗口和面板索引从 1 开始 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">set</span><span> -g base-index 1 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">setw -g</span><span> pane-base-index 1 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 增加历史记录行数 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">set</span><span> -g history-limit 10000 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 快速重载配置 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">bind</span><span> r source-file </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">~</span><span>/.tmux.conf </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">\;</span><span> display &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">Config reloaded!</span><span>&quot; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 更直观的分割快捷键 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">bind </span><span>| </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">split-window -h </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">bind</span><span> - split-window -v </span></code></pre> <p>重载配置：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">tmux</span><span> source-file </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">~</span><span>/.tmux.conf </span></code></pre> <h2 id="jin-jie-ji-qiao">进阶技巧<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#jin-jie-ji-qiao" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="fu-zhi-mo-shi-1">复制模式<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fu-zhi-mo-shi-1" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 进入复制模式 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> [ </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 使用 vi 风格导航 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">h,</span><span> j, k, l </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 移动光标 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Space </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 开始选择 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Enter </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 复制选中内容 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">q </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 退出复制模式 </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 粘贴 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> ] </span></code></pre> <h3 id="tong-bu-mian-ban-shu-ru">同步面板输入<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#tong-bu-mian-ban-shu-ru" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 在命令模式中启用 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">Ctrl+b</span><span> : </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">setw</span><span> synchronize-panes on </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 关闭 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">setw</span><span> synchronize-panes off </span></code></pre> <h3 id="bao-cun-hui-hua-bu-ju">保存会话布局<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#bao-cun-hui-hua-bu-ju" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>使用 tmux-resurrect 插件可以保存和恢复会话：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#65737e;"># 安装 TPM (Tmux Plugin Manager) </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">git</span><span> clone https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">~</span><span>/.tmux/plugins/tpm </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 在 ~/.tmux.conf 中添加 </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">set</span><span> -g @plugin &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">tmux-plugins/tpm</span><span>&#39; </span><span style="color:#96b5b4;">set</span><span> -g @plugin &#39;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">tmux-plugins/tmux-resurrect</span><span>&#39; </span><span> </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># 重载配置并安装插件 </span><span style="color:#65737e;"># Ctrl+b I (大写 I) </span></code></pre> <h2 id="zong-jie">总结<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#zong-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <p>Tmux 的核心优势：</p> <ul> <li>会话持久化：关闭终端不影响运行</li> <li>多窗口管理：一个终端运行多个任务</li> <li>面板分割：同时查看多个输出</li> <li>远程工作：SSH 断开后可恢复</li> </ul> <p>记住最重要的三个命令：</p> <ol> <li><code>tmux new -s name</code> - 创建会话</li> <li><code>Ctrl+b d</code> - 分离会话</li> <li><code>tmux attach -t name</code> - 重连会话</li> </ol> 2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00 2025-11-12T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/free-time/ <p>今天在B站看到了关于Rust的好多视频教程，包括算法和高级用法，架构等。因为上班时间，先收藏起来了。如果想实现财务自由，那就有必要掌握时间。因为最近玩游戏时间有点长了，影响我的自由探索。</p> <p>已经10天了，每天坚持多邻国，学习英文。发现自己跟朋友一起做事儿或者有人敦促，效率比较好，一旦没了目标或者自己，有些沉迷于游戏了。</p> <p>所以好好想一下如果有足够的时间或者财富，我要干啥：</p> <h3 id="fu-mu">父母<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#fu-mu" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>最近听到一句话“人的成功速度要快于父母的老龄化速度”，父母把我养大，这都32岁了，还没给父母做点什么？买个衣服，带他们取旅游，又或者给他们洗牙，陪伴或者帮忙等。</p> <h3 id="lao-po-hai-zi">老婆孩子<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#lao-po-hai-zi" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>老婆孩子也是，总跟我吃苦。虽然生活还可以，但也没有一起旅游，或者吃大餐。结婚四年多，才看过一次电影。</p> <h3 id="jie-jie">姐姐<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#jie-jie" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>我应该帮忙孩子们的学习，他们成绩总是不如意事。只要啃下功夫，我有信心能教导他们。</p> <h3 id="ji-shu">技术<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ji-shu" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>...</p> <h3 id="chuang-ye">创业<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#chuang-ye" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <p>...</p> 2025-11-11T00:00:00+00:00 2025-11-11T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/ios-app-update/ <h2 id="qian-ji-tian-xin-da-bao-ios-app-da-suan-ti-jiao-yi-xia-shen-he-jie-guo-deng-cuo-zhang-hao-liao-zhao-bu-zhao-ru-kou-hou-lai-cai-fa-xian-deng-cuo-zhang-hao-li-you-dian-ke-xiao">前几天新打包iOS app，打算提交一下审核。结果登错账号了，找不着入口。后来才发现等错账号里，有点可笑。<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#qian-ji-tian-xin-da-bao-ios-app-da-suan-ti-jiao-yi-xia-shen-he-jie-guo-deng-cuo-zhang-hao-liao-zhao-bu-zhao-ru-kou-hou-lai-cai-fa-xian-deng-cuo-zhang-hao-li-you-dian-ke-xiao" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="shou-xian-xu-yao-da-bao">首先需要打包<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#shou-xian-xu-yao-da-bao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ol> <li>打包时版本号必须更新，要不然又得重新打包一次，浪费时间</li> <li>在appstore的https://appstoreconnect.apple.com/apps 页面新建版本，然后通过Tranporter软件（苹果自家的）上传我们打包好的新版本。</li> <li>创建新版本页面选择我们上传的版本，填写更新信息后就可以提交审核了。</li> <li>审核信息在手机上通过Connnet app可以查看。我选择得是审核通过后自动发布。</li> </ol> 2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00 2025-10-27T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/psql-error-connection-to-server-on-socket/ <p>MacOS 上brew安装的PostgreSQL有时候就报</p> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#bf616a;">psql:</span><span> error: connection to server on socket &quot;</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">/tmp/.s.PGSQL.5432</span><span>&quot; failed: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting connections on that socket? </span></code></pre> <p>重启也没能解决，后来找了以后，找到原因了。</p> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#bf616a;">postmaster.pid</span><span> already exists </span></code></pre> <p>上一次异常退出，pid 文件没清。 清理办法：</p> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#bf616a;">rm -f</span><span> /opt/homebrew/var/postgresql@17/postmaster.pid </span></code></pre> <p>后面启动就行</p> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#bf616a;">brew</span><span> services restart postgresql@17 </span></code></pre> <p>就是一次问题的记录，希望对你有帮助！</p> 2025-09-23T00:00:00+00:00 2025-09-23T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/best-crates/ <ol> <li><a href="https://crates.io/crates/pgrx">Build Postgres Extensions with Rust!</a></li> <li><a href="https://crates.io/crates/mry">Mry A simple but powerful mocking library for structs, traits, and function.</a></li> <li><a href="https://crates.io/crates/rumqttc">rumqttc</a></li> <li><a href="https://crates.io/crates/postgrest">postgrest</a></li> </ol> 2025-09-17T00:00:00+00:00 2025-09-17T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/nginx/ <p>做题记录了新服务器postgres的安装及访问相关的问题及解决方案。 昨天晚上遇到api接口及前端没发访问的问题。 解决方案：</p> <ol> <li>首先需要开通443及80等端口（ubuntu默认是不开启状态）</li> <li>因为项目前后端及API都在一个域名+二级目录部署，所以我再把nginx配置也加到下面。</li> </ol> <pre data-lang="nginx.conf" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-nginx.conf "><code class="language-nginx.conf" data-lang="nginx.conf"><span>server { </span><span> listen 443 ssl; </span><span> server_name aa.com; </span><span> ssl_certificate &quot;/root/cert/aa.com.pem&quot;; </span><span> ssl_certificate_key &quot;/root/cert/aa.com.key&quot;; </span><span> # 新增：健康检查接口代理 </span><span> location /health { </span><span> proxy_pass http://localhost:3000/health; </span><span> proxy_set_header Host $host; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; </span><span> } </span><span># 新增：健康检查接口代理 </span><span> location /scalar { </span><span> proxy_pass http://localhost:3000/scalar ; </span><span> proxy_set_header Host $host; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> # 全局API代理 </span><span> location ^~ /api/ { </span><span> client_max_body_size 20m; </span><span> proxy_pass http://localhost:3000; </span><span> proxy_set_header Host $host; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> # admin页面的API代理 </span><span> location ^~ /dev/api/ { </span><span> client_max_body_size 20m; </span><span> proxy_pass http://localhost:3000/api/; </span><span> proxy_set_header Host $host; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; </span><span> proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> </span><span> # admin页面静态文件 </span><span> location /dev { </span><span> alias /var/www/aa/dev; </span><span> index index.html; </span><span> try_files $uri $uri/ /dev/index.html; </span><span> </span><span> # 静态资源缓存 </span><span> location ~* \.(js|css|png|jpg|jpeg|gif|ico|svg)$ { </span><span> expires 1y; </span><span> add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, immutable&quot;; </span><span> } </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> # 主页面 </span><span> location / { </span><span> root /var/www/aa/; </span><span> try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html; </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> error_page 404 /404.html; </span><span> location = /40x.html { </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; </span><span> location = /50x.html { </span><span> } </span><span> } </span><span> </span><span> server { </span><span> listen 80; </span><span> server_name aa.com; </span><span> root /var/www/aa; </span><span> rewrite ^(.*) https://$server_name$1 permanent; </span><span> } </span></code></pre> 2025-09-16T00:00:00+00:00 2025-09-16T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/ios-develop/ <h2 id="ru-he-jiang-ios-sheng-chan-zheng-shu-cer-zhuan-huan-wei-p12-wen-jian-bing-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian">如何将 iOS 生产证书（.cer）转换为 .p12 文件并创建描述文件<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ru-he-jiang-ios-sheng-chan-zheng-shu-cer-zhuan-huan-wei-p12-wen-jian-bing-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h2> <h3 id="1-zhuan-huan-cer-wen-jian-wei-p12-wen-jian">1. 转换 <code>.cer</code> 文件为 <code>.p12</code> 文件<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#1-zhuan-huan-cer-wen-jian-wei-p12-wen-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ol> <li> <p><strong>打开钥匙串访问</strong> 在 Mac 电脑上，通过 “聚焦搜索”（通常是按下 <code>Command + 空格</code>）输入 “钥匙串访问”，然后打开该应用程序。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>导入 <code>.cer</code> 证书</strong> 双击下载好的 <code>ios_distribution.cer</code> 文件，系统会自动将其导入到钥匙串访问中。 你可以在钥匙串访问的 <strong>证书</strong> 类别中找到它，证书名称通常类似于 <code>iPhone Distribution</code>。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>导出为 <code>.p12</code> 文件</strong> 在钥匙串访问中，找到刚才导入的 <code>iPhone Distribution</code> 证书。 右键点击该证书，选择 <strong>“导出”</strong> 选项。 在弹出的保存对话框中，选择 <strong>个人信息交换（.p12）</strong> 作为文件格式。 选择一个合适的保存位置，并设置一个密码来保护这个 <code>.p12</code> 文件。 请务必记住这个密码，因为在后续打包过程中会用到。</p> </li> </ol> <h3 id="2-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian-provisioning-profile">2. 创建描述文件（Provisioning Profile）<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#2-chuang-jian-miao-shu-wen-jian-provisioning-profile" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ol> <li> <p><strong>登录苹果开发者官网</strong> 进入 <a href="https://developer.apple.com">Apple Developer</a> 官网。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>创建新的描述文件</strong> 进入 <strong>Certificates, Identifiers &amp; Profiles</strong> 页面。 在左侧导航栏中选择 <strong>Profiles</strong>，然后点击右上角的 <strong>+</strong> 号创建一个新的描述文件。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>选择 Distribution 类型</strong> 在新建描述文件页面，选择 <strong>Distribution</strong> 类型，例如 <strong>App Store Connect</strong>，然后点击 <strong>继续</strong>。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>选择 App ID</strong> 选择之前创建好的 <strong>App ID</strong>，然后点击 <strong>下一步</strong>。</p> </li> <li> <p><strong>完成描述文件创建</strong> 根据提示完成描述文件的创建，并下载该描述文件（文件扩展名为 <code>.mobileprovision</code>）。</p> </li> </ol> <h3 id="3-pei-zhi-hbuilder-jin-xing-da-bao">3. 配置 HBuilder 进行打包<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#3-pei-zhi-hbuilder-jin-xing-da-bao" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ol> <li> <p>打开 <strong>HBuilderX</strong> 项目，进入 <strong>发行 → 原生 App - 云打包</strong>。</p> </li> <li> <p>在 <strong>iOS 打包设置</strong> 中：</p> <ul> <li>证书类型选择 <strong>生产证书</strong>。</li> <li>上传刚申请的 <code>.p12</code> 证书文件以及密码。</li> <li>选择对应的 <strong>生产环境描述文件（.mobileprovision）</strong>。</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>确认其他配置（如 App ID、版本号等）正确后，开始打包。</p> </li> </ol> <h3 id="4-zhu-yi-shi-xiang">4. 注意事项<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#4-zhu-yi-shi-xiang" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ul> <li><strong>开发证书</strong>（iPhone Developer）仅用于测试，只能安装到添加了 UDID 的测试设备。</li> <li><strong>生产证书</strong>（iPhone Distribution）用于 App Store 上架，打包后生成的 ipa 文件可通过 Transporter 提交审核。</li> <li>确保证书和描述文件未过期，且与你的 App ID 匹配。</li> </ul> <p>完成以上步骤后，你就可以生成并提交 ipa 文件到 App Store 进行审核。</p> <p>https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1jk4y1S7HZ/?spm_id_from=333.1387.favlist.content.click&amp;vd_source=0308c0d7b24cc0f488bdf0157f88f36a 苹果开发者证书如何导出的？后面还需要导出描述文件，证书和描述文件是对应的。选择可靠的证书签名可以实现很多功能。</p> 2025-09-16T00:00:00+00:00 2025-09-16T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/postgres-feer-auth-and-api/ <p>AI建议</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>对于Web API系统，建议使用密码认证（md5或scram-sha-256）而不是peer认证，因为： </span><span> </span><span>配置更简单 - 无需复杂的用户名映射 </span><span>更灵活 - 支持远程连接和容器化部署 </span><span>更适合API场景 - Web API通常不需要peer认证提供的操作系统级别的身份验证 </span><span>peer认证更适合于系统管理员直接访问数据库的场景，而不是Web API应用程序。 </span></code></pre> <p>但是我就想试一下peer认证方式的可行性。结果跟AI聊了半天才解决了这个问题，下面记录一下步骤：</p> <ol> <li>首先保证用table plus等数据库管理软件能够登录正常（这个是之前就配置好的，所有没有记录）</li> <li>修个数据库的 pg_hba.conf 文件，在 pg_hba.conf 文件中，对于 local 连接类型（Unix domain socket），您需要在认证方法后面添加 map=your_map_name 选项。 client-auth.sgml:150</li> </ol> <p>正确的配置格式</p> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#b48ead;">local </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">database user peer map</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">your_map_name </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">这里： </span><span> </span><span style="color:#b48ead;">local </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">表示使用 Unix domain socket 连接 client-auth.sgml:172-174 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">all</span><span> 表示所有数据库 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">all</span><span> 表示所有用户 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">peer</span><span> 是认证方法 </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">map</span><span>=</span><span style="color:#a3be8c;">mypeermap </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">指定使用名为</span><span> mypeermap 的用户名映射 </span></code></pre> <ol start="3"> <li>用户名映射配置 相应地，您需要在 pg_ident.conf 文件中定义这个映射：</li> </ol> <pre data-lang="sh" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-sh "><code class="language-sh" data-lang="sh"><span style="color:#65737e;"># MAPNAME SYSTEM-USERNAME DATABASE-USERNAME </span><span style="color:#bf616a;">mypeermap</span><span> your_system_user your_db_user </span></code></pre> <p>当我运行migrate时报错 您遇到的是PostgreSQL schema权限问题。当使用peer认证时，您的API用户缺少对public schema的必要权限来执行migration操作 这个错误表明您的数据库用户（通过peer认证映射的用户）没有在public schema中创建对象的权限。 在PostgreSQL 15及更高版本中，默认情况下已经撤销了public schema的CREATE权限，这是为了提高安全性。</p> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>调试步骤 </span><span>确认当前连接用户： </span><span>SELECT current_user, session_user, system_user; </span><span>检查该用户的schema权限： </span><span>SELECT has_schema_privilege(current_user, &#39;public&#39;, &#39;CREATE&#39;); </span><span>SELECT has_schema_privilege(current_user, &#39;public&#39;, &#39;USAGE&#39;); </span><span>如果权限检查返回false，为实际用户授权： </span><span>GRANT CREATE ON SCHEMA public TO &lt;actual_user&gt;; </span><span>GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO &lt;actual_user&gt;; </span></code></pre> 2025-08-25T00:00:00+00:00 2025-08-25T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/project-structure/ <ol> <li>代码规范（命名规范, 代码风格，命名风格规定好。驼峰，snake等）</li> <li>框架规范 （使用那些技术，那些框架，crate 或者node module）</li> <li>先实现基础框架，然后叠加扩展</li> </ol> <h3 id="ji-chu-kuang-jia-da-jian">基础框架搭建：<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#ji-chu-kuang-jia-da-jian" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>我们首先把基础框架搭好，然后横向扩展，健壮稳步前进，再大的项目也先拆分好小的模块，然后一步步实现就行 </span><span> </span><span>公共模块实现： </span><span> 1. 分类 </span><span> 2. 标签 </span><span> 3. 文章 </span><span> 4. 消息通知（短信，小程序，公众号，邮件，app内等） </span><span> 5. 付款：微信支付，公众号，app支付，支付宝支付。退款，分账，提现 </span><span> 6. 物流查询 </span><span> 7. 订单管理 </span><span> 8. 海报生成 </span><span> 9. 推广方案 </span><span> 10. 客服 </span><span> 11. 用户行为 </span><span> 12. 统计 </span></code></pre> <h3 id="api-xiang-mu">api 项目：<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#api-xiang-mu" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ol> <li>资源访问类型：管理员，公开，自己，带token公开查看</li> <li>返回类型，请求类型统一化</li> <li>先计划，再实现</li> <li>即使提交代码到git仓库，完整留痕</li> <li>每加一个模块即使写API文档+代码测试</li> <li></li> </ol> 2025-05-13T00:00:00+00:00 2025-05-13T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/velopack/ <p>做桌面应用的，还在和打包工具较劲？试试 <a href="https://velopack.io">Velopack</a>。</p> <p>用 Rust 写的，性能比 Squirrel 快很多。支持 Windows/macOS/Linux，一条命令生成安装包+增量更新包+便携版：</p> <pre data-lang="bash" style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;" class="language-bash "><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span style="color:#bf616a;">vpk</span><span> pack</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --packId</span><span> MyApp</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --packVersion</span><span> 1.0.0</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --packDir</span><span> publish</span><span style="color:#bf616a;"> --mainExe</span><span> MyApp.exe </span></code></pre> <p>增量更新是亮点——500MB 的应用改几行代码，更新包可能只有几百 KB。用户不需要每次下载完整包。</p> <p>10 行代码接入自动更新 SDK（C#、C++、JS、Rust、Python 都支持），自动处理更新检查+下载+安装+重启。</p> <p>从 Squirrel 迁移过来很顺滑，自动检测旧安装结构，已有用户无感知切换。</p> <p>GitHub: https://github.com/velopack/velopack</p> 2024-11-25T00:00:00+00:00 2024-11-25T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/rust-01/ <p>rust</p> 2024-10-09T00:00:00+00:00 2024-10-09T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/movie/ <p>一对夫妇培养大儿子失败了,原因很简单,就是因为他们太有钱了. 虽然说有钱,但是父亲童年也很艰苦,也是通过自身努力整来的钱. 所以他想到孩子懂事儿之前搬到自己长大的一个老院子住.装成穷家,陪孩子体验没钱的日子. 但是呢,这不仅仅是体验,他们还是使用了超能力,母亲不用做饭,打扫卫生,洗衣服等. 不仅仅是一家人,他们还带了一个差不多20人的团队. 孩子的一举一动他们都实时监控.甚至孩子上下学也有两个人专门盯着. 因为家离学校刚好5公里,孩子每天跑着去上学, 他们使用一切手段教育孩子.英语,数学,物理都是专业老师在日常生活中使用不同的方法叫他.甚至睡前也有专门的音乐老师给他弹琴.</p> <p>孩子也很努力,但是无法拒绝环境的诱惑. 当父亲把家里的钱交给孩子管的时候,他第一个去买了个平板电脑,还藏着厕所玩. 他们不惜任何代价为孩子提供一个良好的环境和锤炼的机会.其中因为拆穿,孩子奶奶演一场假死.虽然表达附带幽默,但我也看哭了. 父亲希望孩子好好学校,考上清北,继承自己的事业.虽然开头为了综合教育孩子,手段独特,但是后来太专注清北,有点可以的样子.</p> <p>结果孩子发现一些端倪,高考那天发现全部. 孩子大哭一场,无法接受现实.甚至怀疑起自己的父母. 最后他打算以后的路自己来走.</p> <p>这个电影有些类似“楚门的世界”,但是从不同角度让人思考. 比如同样是父母,我们为孩子做了些什么? 在家里,我们是不是自己为孩子做榜样,从自身做起. 如何教育孩子? 电影中的父母做得对不对,是否属于骗人?如果是我,我会怎么做? 如果我是电影中的马继业,又回怎么做? 如果我是孩子的爷爷奶奶会如何选择? 等等一系列问题.</p> <p>电影节奏不快,全场然人舒服的看完.看完后获得感也不错.</p> 2024-10-05T00:00:00+00:00 2024-10-05T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/helix-search/ <h3 id="action-steps">action steps<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#action-steps" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ul> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>Shift+%</code> select all</p> </li> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>/</code> start search</p> </li> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>input search words</code> press v and press n to select next word</p> </li> </ul> 2024-08-13T00:00:00+00:00 2024-08-13T00:00:00+00:00 menzil https://orhan.cn/posts/helix-jumlist/ <h3 id="action-steps">action steps<a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" href="#action-steps" hidden="">#</a> </h3> <ul> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>Ctrl+s</code> save to jump list</p> </li> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>Space+j</code> open jump list &gt; <mark>c</mark> clear jump list</p> </li> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>Ctrl+o</code> next jump list</p> </li> <li> <p><input disabled="" type="checkbox"/> <code>Ctrl+i</code> previous jump list</p> </li> </ul> <pre style="background-color:#2b303b;color:#c0c5ce;"><code><span>Are we wanting this to be a nested menu? This would change the default keybind from &lt;space&gt; j to &lt;space&gt; j j for opening the jumplist. </span><span>&lt;space&gt; j brings up menu </span><span>j opens jumplist </span><span>c clears jumplist </span><span> </span><span>PickerAction is currently being implemented in this pr </span><span> </span><span>We should be able to use that to implement keybindings in the picker menu: </span><span>ctrl-x for delete </span></code></pre>